The central focus of my research is innovation, particularly technological innovation. Innovation is an extremely complex process that varies across places, applications, and over time. Understanding it well enough to support public policy development demands that researchers employ a variety of methods, devise creative conceptual frameworks, engage in continual debate, and maintain a healthy sense of humility.
Energy systems are among the most complex and consequential technological systems. They have manifold impacts on both society and the environment, shaping economic and social opportunities and threatening harm on a planetary scale. Tracing the evolution of these systems and conceiving societal interventions that will nudge them in new directions is the primary focus of my research.
(Note: I am no longer maintaining this page. For a full list of publications, please see my CV (updated December 2025). For my current activities, please visit my CFR and consulting home pages.)